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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Quantum Metrology
    • Integrated Optics

    Background:

    • Measuring optical frequency changes is crucial for various applications.
    • Existing on-chip methods like Mach-Zehnder interferometers have limitations in sensitivity and stability.
    • Free-space weak value amplification (WVA) demonstrates signal amplification without noise, but lacks scalability and robustness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an integrated optical device for sensitive measurement of optical frequency changes.
    • To leverage weak value amplification (WVA) on a chip for enhanced sensing.
    • To demonstrate the advantages of a novel Bragg grating design for stable high transmission and dispersion.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a multi-mode interferometer integrated on a chip.
    • Implemented weak value amplification (WVA) by introducing weak perturbations and post-selecting data.
    • Employed a Bragg grating with two band gaps for simultaneous high transmission and high dispersion.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved sensitive measurement of optical frequency changes on an integrated platform.
    • Demonstrated amplified sensitivity compared to integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers.
    • Showcased a robust and scalable device superior to free-space WVA setups.

    Conclusions:

    • The integrated WVA multi-mode interferometer offers a robust and scalable solution for on-chip optical frequency sensing.
    • This technique provides significantly amplified sensitivity for precision measurements.
    • The developed device represents an advancement in integrated photonic sensors.