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Aerosol-generating procedure; percutaneous versus surgical tracheostomy
Gökhan Tüzemen1, Pınar Küçükdemirci Kaya2
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Health, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.
American Journal of Otolaryngology
|February 25, 2022
Summary
Surgical tracheostomy did not significantly increase particle scattering, unlike percutaneous tracheostomy. Surgical tracheostomy may be a safer method for aerosol-generating procedures, reducing airborne transmission risks.
Area of Science:
- Medical procedures
- Respiratory care
- Infectious disease transmission
Background:
- Tracheostomy is a common procedure for airway management.
- Percutaneous tracheostomy (PCT) and surgical tracheostomy (ST) are two primary methods.
- Concerns exist regarding aerosol generation and potential airborne transmission during these procedures, especially with viral mutations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare aerosol and droplet scattering between percutaneous tracheostomy and surgical tracheostomy.
- To evaluate the risk of airborne particle dissemination during both tracheostomy techniques.
Main Methods:
- A particle counter was used to measure aerosol and droplet scattering.
- Measurements were taken before and after tracheal incision in 35 patients.
- All necessary personal protective equipment was utilized for healthcare worker safety.
Main Results:
- Percutaneous tracheostomy showed significantly higher particle counts at 5 μm and 10 μm.
- Surgical tracheostomy did not result in a significant increase in particle numbers.
- PCT generated significantly more particle scattering across multiple measured sizes (0.3 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm) compared to ST.
Conclusions:
- Surgical tracheostomy was not identified as an aerosol-generating procedure in this study.
- Surgical tracheostomy may be a more appropriate method to minimize airborne transmission risks.
- The use of personal protective equipment remains crucial during all tracheostomy procedures.
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