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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.5K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

7.4K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Semi-Automated Isolation of the Stromal Vascular Fraction from Murine White Adipose Tissue Using a Tissue Dissociator
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Author Spotlight: Semi-Automated Isolation of the Stromal Vascular Fraction from Murine White Adipose Tissue Using a Tissue Dissociator

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Adipose tissue regulatory T cells: differentiation and function.

Allen N Fooks1, Lisa Y Beppu1, Adolfo B Frias1

  • 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

International Reviews of Immunology
|February 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity drives chronic inflammation and disease. Visceral adipose tissue regulatory T cells (VAT Tregs) are key to managing inflammation and improving metabolic health.

Keywords:
Tregadipose tissuecytokinethermogenesis

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Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells
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Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis
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Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Disease Research
  • Obesity Studies

Background:

  • Rising global obesity rates contribute to increased chronic diseases and mortality.
  • Chronic systemic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity-associated illnesses.
  • CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in visceral adipose tissue (VAT Tregs) are crucial for controlling obesity-related inflammation and maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis.

Approach:

  • Review of recent findings on VAT Treg differentiation and function.
  • Analysis of the transcriptional programs defining VAT Tregs.
  • Investigation into the complex relationship between VAT Treg activity and insulin sensitivity.

Key Points:

  • VAT Tregs play a vital role in regulating adipose tissue homeostasis and restricting systemic inflammation.
  • Distinct subsets of VAT Tregs have specific functions in energy expenditure and metabolic regulation.
  • Understanding VAT Treg differentiation is essential for targeting obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Recent research clarifies the mechanisms of VAT Treg differentiation and their functional impact.
  • VAT Tregs represent a promising therapeutic target for improving insulin sensitivity and combating obesity-related diseases.
  • Further investigation into VAT Treg subsets can unlock new strategies for metabolic health management.