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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Ligand exchange among iodine(I) complexes.

Shilin Yu1, Jas S Ward1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland. shandianyu1989@163.com.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|February 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ligand exchange reactions involving iodine(I) ions in halogen-bonded complexes were investigated. This method efficiently forms iodine(I) complexes, offering an alternative to traditional cation exchange when yields are low.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Halogen Bonding
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Halogen-bonded complexes featuring iodine(I) ions are of interest.
  • Traditional synthesis involves cation exchange from silver(I) complexes.
  • Characterization often relies on spectroscopic methods like NMR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ligand exchange reactions of iodine(I) ions in [N⋯I⋯N]+ complexes.
  • To determine if 1H NMR spectroscopy can solely monitor iodine(I) complex formation.
  • To establish an efficient method for synthesizing iodine(I) complexes, especially when cation exchange is problematic.

Main Methods:

  • Ligand exchange reactions were performed between iodine(I) complexes.
  • 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the reactions and characterize the products.
  • Comparison of ligand exchange with traditional cation exchange from silver(I) complexes was conducted.

Main Results:

  • Ligand exchange reactions successfully formed desired iodine(I) complexes, sometimes quantitatively.
  • 1H NMR spectroscopy proved effective in monitoring these transformations.
  • Mixing homoleptic [N⋯I⋯N]+ complexes resulted in statistical ligand exchange.
  • The formation of heteroleptic [N1⋯I⋯N2]+ complexes is favored by larger differences in Lewis basicity of the N-donors.

Conclusions:

  • Ligand exchange is a viable and efficient method for synthesizing iodine(I) halogen-bonded complexes.
  • 1H NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying these exchange processes.
  • The outcome of ligand exchange is influenced by the electronic properties (Lewis basicity) of the coordinating atoms.