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The Wavelength-Shifting Optical Module.

Benjamin Bastian-Querner1, Lucas S Binn2, Sebastian Böser2

  • 1Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The novel Wavelength-shifting Optical Module (WOM) enhances single-photon detection in large volumes by improving signal-to-noise ratio. This innovative photosensor is ideal for Cherenkov and scintillation detectors.

Keywords:
UV sensitivitylarge sensitive arealow noiseneutrino detectorsphotomultiplier tubesphoton detectionwavelength-shifting

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Instrumentation
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Large-volume detectors require sensitive photosensors.
  • Existing photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) have limitations in signal-to-noise ratio.
  • Decoupling photosensitive area from PMT cathode can enhance performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce the Wavelength-shifting Optical Module (WOM) as a novel photosensor concept.
  • Improve signal-to-noise ratio for single-photon detection in large detector volumes.
  • Optimize WOM design for maximal sensitivity and evaluate its performance.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a transparent tube coated with wavelength-shifting paint, with two PMTs at its ends.
  • Utilized total internal reflection to guide emitted photons to PMTs.
  • Optimized paint optical properties, tube geometry, and PMT coupling through theoretical and experimental evaluations.
  • Built and tested WOM prototypes to assess performance characteristics.

Main Results:

  • WOM absorbs UV photons with ~100% efficiency.
  • Photon capture efficiency by total internal reflection is up to 73% in air and 41% in ice.
  • WOM demonstrated a significant increase in signal-to-noise ratio, up to 8.9 in air and 5.2 in ice, outperforming bare PMTs.
  • Achieved high sensitivity, particularly in the UV regime.

Conclusions:

  • The WOM is a highly effective photosensor for large detector volumes.
  • WOM technology offers substantial improvements in signal-to-noise ratio for Cherenkov and scintillation detection.
  • The developed construction process is reproducible, enabling practical implementation.