Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 2, 2025
11:14
Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
Published on: November 7, 2018
18.5K
Crosstalk between Hepatitis B Virus and the 3D Genome Structure
João Diogo Dias1, Nazim Sarica1, Axel Cournac2
1Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.
Viruses
|February 26, 2022
Summary
Hepatitis B virus DNA interacts with the cell's 3D genome, altering viral and cellular gene expression. Other DNA viruses also exploit genome organization for their replication strategies.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Genomics
Background:
- Nuclear DNA viruses must integrate with host transcriptional machinery.
- Cellular genome organization plays a critical role in gene expression regulation.
- Understanding viral interactions with host genome architecture is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review how hepatitis B virus (HBV) interacts with the 3D cellular genome.
- To examine the consequences of this interaction on viral and cellular gene expression.
- To briefly discuss other DNA viruses' strategies for manipulating genome organization.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on viral interactions with the 3D genome.
- Analysis of studies on hepatitis B virus and its integration with host chromatin.
- Comparative analysis of strategies employed by other DNA viruses.
Main Results:
- HBV actively engages with the host cell's 3D genome structure.
- This interaction significantly impacts both viral replication and host gene expression.
- HBV may subvert or co-opt cellular genome organization for its life cycle.
Conclusions:
- The 3D genome is a key target for nuclear-replicating viruses like HBV.
- Viral manipulation of genome organization is a common strategy among DNA viruses.
- Further research into these interactions can reveal novel antiviral targets.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
187
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
187
01:26Size and Structure of Viral Genomes
190
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
190
00:57Viral Recombination
23.9K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.9K
02:28Leaky Scanning
5.3K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.3K
02:33Retroviruses
12.7K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.7K
01:27Horizontal Gene Transfer
243
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
243