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Delayed PET imaging using image synthesis network and nonrigid registration without additional CT scan.

Fan Rao1, Zhuoxuan Wu2, Lu Han1

  • 1Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China.

Medical Physics
|February 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel, zero-extra-dose method for delayed Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging, reducing patient radiation exposure. The new approach enhances image quality and accuracy without additional computed tomography (CT) scans.

Keywords:
attenuation correctiondelayed PET imagingimage synthesis networknonrigid registration

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Background:

  • Attenuation correction is crucial for accurate Positron Emission Tomography (PET) image reconstruction.
  • Standard PET protocols require repeated computed tomography (CT) scans for delayed imaging, increasing patient radiation dose.
  • Developing dose-sparing techniques for delayed PET imaging is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel, zero-extra-dose delayed PET imaging method that eliminates the need for additional CT scans.
  • To reduce patient radiation exposure associated with delayed PET imaging protocols.
  • To improve the accuracy and quality of reconstructed delayed PET images.

Main Methods:

  • A deep learning-based synthesis network was developed to generate pseudo-CT images from PET data for delayed scans.
  • Nonrigid image registration was employed to align a synthesized pseudo-CT image with the initial CT scan.
  • Attenuation correction for delayed PET scans was performed using the registered, estimated CT image.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method achieved a higher average Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 47.04 dB compared to the traditional Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) method (44.41 dB).
  • Mean Absolute Percent Errors (MAPE) were significantly lower with the proposed method (1.59%) versus the GAN method (3.32%) across five organ regions of interest.
  • Radiologist evaluations indicated superior diagnostic consistency, with the proposed method scoring 9.02 ± 0.52 compared to the GAN method's 8.08 ± 0.60.

Conclusions:

  • A novel CT-less delayed PET imaging technique was successfully developed using image synthesis and nonrigid registration.
  • The proposed method reconstructs delayed PET images with high quality, free from artifacts.
  • Quantitatively, the method provides more accurate results than traditional GAN-based approaches, enhancing diagnostic reliability.