Picomolar detection of carbohydrate-lectin interactions on piezoelectrically printed microcantilever array

Recent advances in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) has allowed unprecedent perspectives for label-free detection (LFD) of biological and chemical analytes. Additionally, these LFD technologies offer the potential to design high resolution and high throughput sensing platforms, with the promise of further miniaturization. However, the immobilization of biomolecules onto inorganic surfaces without impacting their sensing abilities is crucial for designing these LFD technologies. Currently, covalent functionalization of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) present promising pathways for improving assay sensitivity, reproducibility, surface stability and proximity of binding sites to the sensor surface. Herein, we investigate the use of chemical vapor deposition of 3-(glycidyloxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane (GOPTS) as a versatile SAM for the covalent functionalization of a SiO₂ microcantilever array (MCA) for carbohydrate-lectin interactions with picogram sensitivity. Additionally, we demonstrate glycan immobilization to MCA is feasible using traditional piezoelectric microarray printer technology. Given the complexity of the glycome, the ability to spot samples in a high-throughput manner establishes our MCA as robust, label-free, and scalable means to analyze carbohydrate-protein interactions These findings demonstrate that GOPTS SAMs provide a suitable biofunctionalization route for MEMS and provides the proof of principle that can be extended to various LFD technologies toward a truly high-throughput and high-resolution platform.