Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Promoting the utilization of rheumatologic musculoskeletal anatomy: a 50-year travel log.

Clinical rheumatology·2026

Same author

Polymyalgia Rheumatica Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Case reports in immunology·2024

Same author

Patient self-reported instruments for assessing symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatology international·2023

Same author

The yawning gap between osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment after a fragility fracture in Mexico.

Archives of osteoporosis·2021

Same author

Long-Term Effectiveness of Polymerized-Type I Collagen Intra-Articular Injections in Patients with Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation in a Cohort Study.

Advances in orthopedics·2020

Same author

Proposal and Evaluation of a Telerehabilitation Platform Designed for Patients With Partial Rotator Cuff Tears: A Preliminary Study.

Annals of rehabilitation medicine·2016

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance

Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance

Published on: January 17, 2013

A home-based exercise program for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: pain, functionality, and joint structure.

Salvador Israel Macías-Hernández¹, Juan Daniel Morones-Alba², Irene Tapia-Ferrusco³

¹Sports Rehabilitation Departament, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico.

Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

|February 28, 2022

Summary

Therapeutic exercise significantly improved pain, function, and disc position in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA). This conservative treatment offers a valuable long-term solution for TMJ OA management.

Keywords:

Excercise Osteoarthritis Pain Temporomandibular joint

More Related Videos

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

Published on: July 22, 2019

Author Spotlight: Using a Rabbit Model to Explore the Efficacy of Tuina in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis

Author Spotlight: Using a Rabbit Model to Explore the Efficacy of Tuina in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis

Published on: August 25, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance

Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance

Published on: January 17, 2013

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

Published on: July 22, 2019

Author Spotlight: Using a Rabbit Model to Explore the Efficacy of Tuina in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis

Author Spotlight: Using a Rabbit Model to Explore the Efficacy of Tuina in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis

Published on: August 25, 2023

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Physical Therapy
Rheumatology

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability worldwide.
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) OA significantly impacts quality of life.
Conservative treatments, including exercise, are sought for TMJ OA management.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA).
To assess improvements in pain, function, and joint structure following a home-based exercise program.

Main Methods:

A single-group pre-post test design was employed.
Included patients meeting diagnostic criteria for TMJ OA.
Intervention: home-based program with thermotherapy, manual therapy, and therapeutic exercise; assessed pain (VAS), function (Helkimo index), and disc position (ultrasound) at 1, 3, and 6 months.

Main Results:

Significant reductions in pain intensity were observed at 1 and 6 months (P=0.001).
The Helkimo index improved from severe to minimal dysfunction by 3 months (P=0.001).
Ultrasound imaging confirmed improved temporomandibular joint disc position.

Conclusions:

Therapeutic exercise demonstrated significant improvements in pain and function for TMJ OA.
The study highlights exercise as a valuable long-term conservative treatment for TMJ OA.
Positive changes in joint disc position suggest structural benefits from the intervention.