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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

The use of Biofeedback in Clinical Virtual Reality: The INTREPID Project
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Deep-Breathing Biofeedback Trainability in a Virtual-Reality Action Game: A Single-Case Design Study With Police

Abele Michela1, Jacobien M van Peer1, Jan C Brammer1

  • 1Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Psychology
|February 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Police officers can improve stress management and performance using virtual reality (VR) biofeedback training. This method enhances physiological control and decision-making skills in high-arousal situations.

Area of Science:

  • Physiological psychology
  • Human-computer interaction
  • Law enforcement training

Background:

  • Police performance is often impaired by stress-induced psychophysiological changes.
  • Current Heart-Rate Variability (HRV) biofeedback training lacks operational context for skill transfer.
  • A need exists for training methods that integrate physiological control with high-arousal scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a Virtual Reality (VR) biofeedback system for training police officers in physiological control.
  • To assess the effectiveness of VR-based breathing biofeedback in an arousing decision-making context.
  • To determine if learned skills transfer to situations without biofeedback.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a VR selective shoot/don't shoot game incorporating breathing-based biofeedback.
Keywords:
autonomic arousalbiofeedbackheart rate variabilitypolice educationpolice trainingstress managementvirtual-reality

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  • Police officers trained diaphragmatic breathing, with biofeedback linked to peripheral vision.
  • Utilized a single-case experimental ABAB design with 9 police trainers over 4 weeks.

    • Main Results:

    • Eight of nine participants demonstrated improved breathing control and enhanced low-frequency HRV.
    • In-game behavioral performance, specifically response inhibition, improved significantly.
    • Learned breathing regulation skills transferred to sessions without biofeedback, indicating effective skill acquisition.

    Conclusions:

    • VR-based biofeedback training is effective for enhancing physiological regulation in police officers.
    • The developed VR system successfully trains breathing control within an engaging, arousing decision-making context.
    • This training approach shows potential for improving police performance under stress.