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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Increased Incidence of Pyogenic Liver Abscess in a Midwest System With Emphasis on Rural Impact.

Meghan Grassel1, Douglas Yim2, Jackson Shriver3

  • 1Family Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, USA.

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Hepatic abscess incidence is higher in rural Midwest areas, potentially linked to private well water infrastructure. This study found increased rates in these regions compared to metropolitan areas.

Keywords:
: liver abscesshepatic abscesspyogenic liver abscessrural healthcarewater infrastructure

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatic abscesses represent a significant infection with variable incidence rates.
  • Geographic and infrastructural factors may influence disease prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if hepatic abscess incidence differs between rural and metropolitan areas in a Midwest cohort.
  • To explore the potential association between water infrastructure and hepatic abscess rates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 116 adult hepatic abscess cases from 2016-2019 at Avera McKennan Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, risk factors, and hometown data.
  • Calculation of incidence using Poisson rate test and comparison with private well density.

Main Results:

  • A total of 116 hepatic abscesses were identified between 2016 and 2019.
  • The incidence rate was 95.66 per 100,000 hospitalized patients annually (P<0.01).
  • Rural areas exhibited a higher per capita incidence and a greater density of private wells.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatic abscess incidence in this cohort exceeds national averages.
  • Geographic location, particularly rural settings, is associated with higher abscess rates.
  • Reliance on untreated groundwater in rural areas may be a contributing factor.