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Published on: December 19, 2020
Clinical characteristics of children hospitalized for COVID-19
Rosa María Luz Romero1, Marta Illán Ramos1, Arantxa Berzosa Sánchez1
1Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
Insights
Most pediatric COVID-19 cases present mild respiratory symptoms. However, severe cases like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) require intensive care, emphasizing early diagnosis for better outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Viral Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
Background:
- SARS-CoV2 infections in children are typically mild, but severe outcomes like MIS-C can occur.
- Understanding pediatric COVID-19 clinical and epidemiological features is crucial for management.
Observation:
- A retrospective study analyzed 30 pediatric patients hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection.
- Patients were categorized into respiratory infection, MIS-C, or compatible symptoms groups.
Findings:
- Pneumonia cases were linked to older age, comorbidities, and lymphopenia.
- MIS-C patients exhibited greater severity, significant laboratory abnormalities, and higher PICU admission rates.
- Many MIS-C cases stemmed from household transmission.
Implications:
- Mild respiratory symptoms are common in pediatric COVID-19.
- MIS-C represents a severe manifestation requiring prompt diagnosis and often PICU care for a generally good prognosis.
Introduction:
Most SARS-CoV2 infections in the pediatric population are asymptomatic or with mild symptoms, with a minimal proportion of severe cases described as SARS-CoV2-associated multi-system inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C).The objective was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients admitted with confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 infection from the beginning of the pandemic until May 2021.
Methods:
Retrospective observational study of pediatric patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19, in a tertiary hospital. Epidemiological and clinical data, additional tests, treatments administered and evolution were collected.
Results:
30 patients were included, classified into 3 groups according to diagnosis: respiratory infection, MIS-C and compatible symptoms. The patients with pneumonia were associated with age older, comorbidities and lymphopenia. MIS-C were more serious patients, with marked laboratory involvement and greater admission to PICU. Most of these were secondary cases of contact in the family environment.
Discussion:
The most frequent clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in children are mild-moderate respiratory with good evolution. MIS-C is another form of expression of SARS-COV2 infection of greater severity, but usually with good prognosis after early diagnosis and frequent PICU admission.
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