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Strong association between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene InDel polymorphism and COVID-19 diseases
Havva Çobanogullari1,2, Emine Unal Evren3,2, Hakan Evren3,2
1Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Medicina Clinica (English Ed.)
|June 13, 2023
Summary
The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism may predict COVID-19 severity. Specific ACE genotypes were associated with increased COVID-19 risk, symptomatic presentation, and differences in symptom onset and treatment duration.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Epidemiology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, originating in late 2019, has had a global impact.
- Host genetic variations may influence COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.
- The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene I/D polymorphism is a candidate for genetic influence on COVID-19.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and COVID-19 in Northern Cyprus.
- To determine if ACE genotype influences COVID-19 risk and clinical presentation.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 250 COVID-19 patients and 371 healthy controls.
- Genotyping for the ACE I/D polymorphism was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Main Results:
- Significantly higher frequency of ACE DD homozygotes in COVID-19 patients compared to controls (p=0.022).
- The D allele was more prevalent in patients (57.2%) than controls (50.67%, p<0.05).
- Individuals with the II genotype had a higher risk of symptomatic COVID-19 (p=0.011).
- The DD genotype was associated with more frequent chest radiographic findings (p=0.005), shorter symptom onset (p=0.016), and longer treatment duration (p=0.014) compared to other genotypes.
Conclusions:
- The ACE I/D polymorphism is a potential predictor of COVID-19 severity.
- Specific ACE genotypes are linked to differential risk, clinical manifestations, and disease progression in COVID-19.
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