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Allosteric Regulation

Allosteric Regulation

Allosteric regulation of enzymes occurs when the binding of an effector molecule to a site that is different from the active site causes a change in the enzymatic activity. This alternate site is called an allosteric site, and an enzyme can contain more than one of these sites. Allosteric regulation can either be positive or negative, resulting in an increase or decrease in enzyme activity. Most enzymes that display allosteric regulation are metabolic enzymes involved in the degradation or...

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

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Transcription Factors

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

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Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Rapid Synthesis and Screening of Chemically Activated Transcription Factors with GFP-based Reporters

Rapid Synthesis and Screening of Chemically Activated Transcription Factors with GFP-based Reporters

Published on: November 26, 2013

Paper-Based Progesterone Sensor Using an Allosteric Transcription Factor.

Marjon Zamani¹, Josh Dupaty¹, R C Baer¹

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.

|February 28, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new transcription factor-based sensor offers a superior alternative for progesterone monitoring in dairy cows, improving in vitro fertilization and reproductive management. This affordable, portable paperfluidic device enables point-of-care progesterone testing.

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Last Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Rapid Synthesis and Screening of Chemically Activated Transcription Factors with GFP-based Reporters

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Published on: November 26, 2013

Author Spotlight: Investigating Islet Abnormalities and Function with a Pseudoislet Protocol

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Use of Label-free Optical Biosensors to Detect Modulation of Potassium Channels by G-protein Coupled Receptors

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Published on: February 10, 2014

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Biosensor Development
Animal Reproduction

Background:

Progesterone monitoring is crucial for dairy cow reproductive management and in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Current antibody-based biosensors are costly and difficult to obtain, limiting widespread use.
There is a need for accessible, affordable, and reliable progesterone detection methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a novel transcription factor-based progesterone sensor.
To integrate this sensor into a portable paperfluidic device for point-of-care applications.
To provide a cost-effective and accessible alternative to conventional progesterone biosensors.

Main Methods:

Immobilization of fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides onto nitrocellulose via biotin-streptavidin interaction.
Utilizing a transcription factor labeled with tdTomato that binds to oligonucleotides in the absence of progesterone.
Measuring changes in tdTomato fluorescence to quantify progesterone levels.

Main Results:

The developed sensor demonstrated a limit of detection of 27 nm, clinically relevant for progesterone monitoring.
Successful integration of the transcription factor-based sensor into a paperfluidic device.
The system showed a decrease in fluorescence correlating with increased progesterone presence.

Conclusions:

Transcription factor-based sensors can be effectively incorporated into paperfluidic devices.
This technology offers a portable, affordable, and accessible solution for progesterone monitoring.
The developed biosensor presents a viable alternative to traditional antibody-based methods for reproductive management.