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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Concentration of Metabolites from Low-density Planktonic Communities for Environmental Metabolomics using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Detecting Phytoplankton Cell Viability Using NIR Raman Spectroscopy and PCA.

Nina I Novikova^1,2,3,4, Hannah Matthews^1,2,3,4, Isabelle Williams^1,2,3,4

¹School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.

|February 28, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis reliably detects phytoplankton viability by analyzing spectral shifts, particularly in carotenoid bands, overcoming limitations of visible methods.

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Area of Science:

Marine biology
Spectroscopy
Biotechnology

Background:

Raman spectroscopy offers potential for monitoring phytoplankton but faces challenges with pigment interference and spectral complexity.
Visible detection methods are limited in pigment-rich biological samples.
Developing reliable in situ methods for phytoplankton analysis is crucial for marine ecosystem monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a reliable method for assessing phytoplankton cell viability using Raman spectroscopy.
To overcome the limitations of visible detection methods in pigment-rich phytoplankton.
To identify spectral features indicative of cell viability across different phytoplankton species.

Main Methods:

Utilized 1064 nm confocal Raman spectroscopy, a near-infrared (NIR) approach.
Applied multivariate statistical analysis, including principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA).
Investigated cell viability in diatom (Chaetoceros muelleri) and haptophyte (Diacronema lutheri, Tisochrysis lutea) species.

Main Results:

The combined NIR Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis approach minimized fluorescence background.
Successfully differentiated between viable and nonviable phytoplankton cells across species.
Identified characteristic spectral shifts in carotenoid bands (1527 and 1158 cm⁻¹) as key indicators of cell death.

Conclusions:

This combined technique provides a robust method for monitoring phytoplankton viability in situ.
The approach overcomes previous limitations associated with pigment interference and spectral complexity.
Spectral changes in carotenoids are reliable biomarkers for phytoplankton cell viability assessment.