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Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
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Discrete Time Crystals in Actively Mode-Locked Lasers.

Ruiling Weng1, Elias R Koch2, Jesús Yelo-Sarrión1

  • 1Universitat de les Illes Balears, Departament de Física and IAC, 3, Campus UIB 07122 Mallorca, Spain.

Physical Review Letters
|May 29, 2026
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Summary

Researchers observed the first discrete time crystal phases in a semiconductor laser. This discovery allows for new ways to explore and control light phases in photonic systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Photonics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Time crystals represent a novel phase of matter breaking time-translation symmetry.
  • Semiconductor lasers are crucial components in modern photonics and optoelectronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally observe discrete time crystal phases in an actively mode-locked semiconductor laser.
  • To investigate the control and characteristics of these novel phases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an actively mode-locked semiconductor laser.
  • Tuning bias current and modulation frequency to induce phase transitions.
  • Employing a time-delayed model for theoretical validation.

Main Results:

  • First experimental observation of discrete time crystal phases and crystallites.
  • Demonstration of spontaneous symmetry breaking from a harmonically mode-locked state to stable time crystal states.
  • Observation of coexisting time crystal configurations with domain-like structures.

Conclusions:

  • Actively mode-locked semiconductor lasers provide an accessible platform for studying nonequilibrium phases of light.
  • The findings enable practical implementations of time crystal physics in photonic devices.
  • This work opens new avenues for exploring exotic quantum phenomena in engineered light systems.