Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Infectious Posterior Uveitis

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Medical Imaging
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Infectious uveitis presents diverse clinical manifestations affecting the posterior segment of the eye.
• Accurate diagnosis and monitoring are crucial for managing infectious uveitis and preventing vision loss.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe and illustrate the principal optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in infectious uveitis.
• To highlight the diagnostic and prognostic value of OCT in managing infectious uveitis.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of existing literature on OCT findings in infectious uveitis.
• Analysis of characteristic OCT features in the vitreous, retina, and choroid.

Main Results:

• Posterior segment OCT demonstrates key biomarkers including precipitates, infiltrates, foveolitis, retinitis, neuro-retinitis, choroidal granulomas, and choroiditis.
• Specific OCT patterns correlate with the causative etiology, assisting in diagnosis and treatment initiation.
• Some OCT features resolve with treatment, while others indicate irreversible retinal damage.

Conclusions:

• OCT is instrumental in identifying infectious uveitis features across different ocular segments.
• OCT, alongside multimodal imaging, aids in differential diagnosis, complication detection, and therapy assessment.
• OCT findings provide valuable insights into disease activity and visual prognosis in infectious uveitis.