Government intervention in municipal waste collection with a sustainable approach: a robust bi-level problem

Conservation of the environment has taken a prime position among areas of concern for managers and practitioners worldwide. This study aims to provide a bi-level mathematical model for municipal waste collection considering the sustainability approach. The mathematical model with conflicting objects was proposed at the upper level of the model of maximizing government revenue from waste recycling and at the lower level of minimizing waste collection and recycling costs, which had stochastic parameters and was scenario based. A case study was conducted in the Saveh processing site (Iran). Due to the complexity of the bi-level model, the KKT approach was adopted to unify the model. Finally, the relevant calculations were performed based on actual information. The results of the problem in the case study showed the efficiency of the proposed method. Several computational analyses randomly generated different waste recycling rates and obtained significant management results.