Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electronic Structure of Atoms02:28

Electronic Structure of Atoms

24.9K

An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
24.9K
Chemical Symbols01:09

Chemical Symbols

9.5K
A chemical symbol is an abbreviation that is used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. We use the same symbol to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language. Most symbols have one or two letters, but three-letter symbols have been used...
9.5K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.8K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
9.8K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

45.0K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
45.0K
Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle01:08

Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle

4.9K
The Frost circle or the inscribed polygon method is a graphical method for determining the relative energies of π molecular orbitals (MOs) for planar, fully conjugated, and monocyclic compounds. This method was first described by A. A. Frost and Boris Musulin in 1953.
A Frost circle is constructed by drawing a polygon whose number of edges is equal to the number of carbons of the given cyclic system, with one of the vertices pointing down. Then, a circle is drawn enclosing the polygon so...
4.9K
Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

42.9K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
42.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Symmetry classification of magnetic orders using oriented spin space groups.

Nature·2026
Same author

Automatic calculation of symmetry-adapted tensors under spin-group symmetry: <i>STENSOR</i>, a new tool of the Bilbao Crystallographic Server.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026
Same author

<i>MagStREXS</i>, a crystallographic computer program to determine magnetic structures through resonant elastic X-ray scattering data. I. Fundamental equations.

Journal of applied crystallography·2025
Same author

Crystal tensor properties of magnetic materials with and without spin-orbit coupling. Application of spin point groups as approximate symmetries.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances·2025
Same author

Small-angle rigid-unit modes requiring linear strain compensation.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances·2024
Same author

<i>SUBGROUPS</i>: a computer tool at the Bilbao Crystallographic Server for the study of pseudo-symmetric or distorted structures.

Journal of applied crystallography·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

2.9K

Introducing a unified magnetic space-group symbol.

Branton J Campbell1, Harold T Stokes1, J Manuel Perez-Mato2

  • 1Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and Advances
|March 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A new unified magnetic space-group (MSG) symbol (UNI) is introduced to simplify interpretation and reduce errors in published magnetic structures. This system combines elements from the Belov-Neronova-Smirnova (BNS) and Opechowski-Guccione (OG) notations.

Keywords:
Belov–Neronova–SmirnovaHermann–MauguinOpechowski–Guccionemagnetic space grouptime reversal

More Related Videos

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

7.7K
Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

2.9K
Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

7.7K
Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Solid State Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Magnetic space-group (MSG) symbols are crucial for describing magnetic structures.
  • Current systems, Belov-Neronova-Smirnova (BNS) and Opechowski-Guccione (OG), have limitations and can cause interpretation errors.
  • These challenges affect both novice and expert users in the field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new, unified magnetic space-group (MSG) symbol system.
  • To address the interpretational challenges posed by existing BNS and OG symbols.
  • To improve clarity and reduce errors in the reporting of magnetic structures.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel unified (UNI) MSG symbol system.
  • Integration of modified BNS symbol components.
  • Incorporation of essential information from the OG symbol system.

Main Results:

  • The proposed UNI MSG symbol system offers a consolidated approach to magnetic symmetry notation.
  • This unified system aims to mitigate the disadvantages of the separate BNS and OG systems.
  • The new symbol is designed to enhance understanding and accuracy in magnetic structure publications.

Conclusions:

  • The unified MSG symbol (UNI) provides a more accessible and accurate method for representing magnetic symmetry.
  • Implementation of the UNI system is expected to reduce errors and improve consistency in crystallographic databases.
  • This advancement facilitates clearer communication and interpretation of magnetic structures in scientific literature.