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    This study presents a novel Nd:YVO4 laser generating 10 ps dark pulses. It utilizes ultrafast loss modulation for stable mode-locking and high-frequency transient generation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics
    • Ultrafast Science

    Background:

    • Mode-locked lasers are crucial for various scientific applications.
    • Generating ultrashort pulses, particularly dark pulses, presents unique challenges.
    • Intra-cavity nonlinear optical processes offer pathways for advanced laser dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a stable mode-locked Nd:YVO4 laser generating dark pulses.
    • To investigate the mechanism of mode-locking using sum-frequency mixing.
    • To explore the generation of high-frequency ultrafast transients.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a Nd:YVO4 laser operating at 1064 nm.
    • Implementing intra-cavity sum-frequency mixing with a femtosecond Yb:KYW laser (1040 nm) for loss modulation.
    • Employing cross-correlation measurements to confirm dark pulse characteristics.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved stable generation of 10 ps dark pulses at a 211 MHz repetition rate.
    • Demonstrated a high modulation depth of 90% for the dark pulses.
    • Observed generation of periodic ultrafast transients above 1.5 THz due to detuning interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented method enables efficient generation of ultrashort dark pulses.
    • Intra-cavity nonlinear modulation is effective for achieving stable mode-locking and high-frequency dynamics.
    • This technique opens possibilities for applications requiring high-repetition-rate, ultrashort optical transients.