Level-specific residuals and diagnostic measures, plots, and tests for random effects selection in multilevel and

Sun-Joo Cho1, Paul De Boeck2,3, Matthew Naveiras4

  • 1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. sj.cho@vanderbilt.edu.

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When the residual values are plotted against the variable x, it is called a residual...
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The vertical distance between the actual value of y and the estimated value of y. In other words, it measures the vertical distance between the actual data point and the predicted point on the line
If the observed data point lies above the line, the residual is positive, and the line underestimates the actual data value for y. If the observed data point lies below the line, the residual is negative, and the line overestimates the actual data value for y.
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Randomized Experiments01:13

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Simple randomization
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