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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

2.3K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
2.3K
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

706
Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
706

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
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Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

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Noninvasive Versus Invasive Brain Temperature Measurement During Targeted Temperature Management: A Preclinical Study

Taegyun Kim1,2, Hyungwon Jin3,4, Kyung Su Kim1,2

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management
|March 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Noninvasive brain temperature (TBN) closely correlated with invasive brain temperature (TBI) in a swine cardiac arrest model during targeted temperature management (TTM). However, agreement between these brain temperature measurements was not clinically acceptable.

Keywords:
cardiac arrestcardiopulmonary resuscitationnoninvasive brain temperaturetargeted temperature management

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate brain temperature monitoring is crucial during targeted temperature management (TTM) after cardiac arrest.
  • Invasive methods for measuring brain temperature (TBI) are accurate but carry risks.
  • Noninvasive brain temperature (TBN) monitoring offers a potentially safer alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the correlation and agreement between noninvasive brain temperature (TBN) and invasive brain temperature (TBI) during TTM.
  • To compare TBN with other core temperature measurements (pulmonary artery, esophageal, rectal) during TTM.
  • To assess the feasibility of TBN as a reliable surrogate for TBI in a swine cardiac arrest model.

Main Methods:

  • A swine cardiac arrest model was used, with TTM initiated after resuscitation.
  • TBN was measured using a double sensor method, and TBI via an intracranial catheter.
  • Pulmonary artery (TP), esophageal (TE), and rectal (TR) temperatures were also recorded throughout TTM phases (induction, maintenance, rewarming).

Main Results:

  • A strong overall correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient [PCC] = 0.95) was observed between TBN and TBI during TTM.
  • Correlation varied across TTM phases: highest during rewarming (PCC = 0.94) and lowest during maintenance (PCC = 0.88).
  • While correlation was high, the 95% limits of agreement indicated that the agreement between TBN and TBI was not clinically acceptable.

Conclusions:

  • Noninvasive brain temperature (TBN) demonstrates good correlation with invasive brain temperature (TBI) in a swine model during TTM.
  • The correlation is strongest during rewarming and weakest during maintenance.
  • Despite strong correlation, the lack of clinical agreement limits the use of TBN as a direct substitute for TBI without further validation.