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New prevention scenarios: polygenic risk

Alessandro Boccanelli1, Giordano Bottà2

  • 1Società Italiana di Cardiologia Geriatrica (SICGe), Rome, Italy.

European Heart Journal Supplements : Journal of the European Society of Cardiology
|March 2, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) identifies individuals at high risk for heart attack, even those without traditional risk factors. This genetic approach enhances coronary heart disease prevention by detecting previously invisible high-risk populations.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Preventive Cardiology

Background:

  • Coronary heart disease remains a leading cause of death despite being preventable.
  • Current risk models fail to identify up to 30% of myocardial infarction cases due to lack of traditional risk factors.
  • Genetic factors contribute significantly (40-60%) to myocardial infarction but are underutilized in primary prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the clinical applications of Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) for coronary artery disease.
  • To highlight the limitations of traditional risk models in identifying all at-risk individuals.
  • To explore how PRS can improve the detection of high-risk populations.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging advances in genomics and clinical big data.
  • Developing and utilizing Polygenic Risk Score (PRS).
  • Comparing PRS-identified risk with traditional risk factors and LDL-C levels.

Main Results:

  • PRS can identify individuals with average LDL-C but high heart attack risk, comparable to hypercholesterolemia carriers.
  • PRS effectively detects high-risk individuals missed by conventional risk assessment tools.
  • Demonstrates the potential of genetic risk stratification in cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions:

  • Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) offers a novel approach to coronary artery disease risk assessment.
  • PRS is clinically useful for identifying high-risk individuals not apparent through traditional methods.
  • Integrating PRS into primary prevention strategies can improve cardiovascular health outcomes.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular preventionPolygenic riskRisk factors

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