Diagnosis and Evaluation of Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis is characterized by inflammation and abnormal dilatation of the airways secondary to various etiologies. A diagnosis of bronchiectasis requires that both radiological and clinical features are present. Determination of the etiology of bronchiectasis is important to allow specific treatment and should be guided by clinical features. The prognosis of bronchiectasis is highly variable, with severe cases suffering frequent exacerbations and hospitalizations, debilitating symptoms, and elevated mortality. Treatment is demanding, but adherence to treatment is associated with improved outcomes and should be assessed and reinforced. A partnership between patients and health care professionals is key to successful outcomes.