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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Tissue Clearing Approaches in Atherosclerosis.

Ting Sun1, Yuanfang Li1, Benjamin Förstera2,3

  • 1Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 3, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue clearing techniques offer new ways to study atherosclerosis by visualizing the complex interactions between arteries and surrounding tissues in 3D. These methods improve our understanding of cardiovascular disease mechanisms.

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisConfocal microscopyDISCO clearingFluorescence imagingImage processingLight-sheet microscopy; multiphoton microscopyTDE clearing

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Microscopy
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis involves intricate changes in the intima, media, and adventitia of arteries.
  • Arteries interact with surrounding adipose, neuronal, lymphatic, and vascular tissues.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for advancing cardiovascular disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore cell-cell and cell-tissue interactions in atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the need for methods enabling subcellular optical access to intact arterial tissues.
  • To introduce novel tissue clearing protocols for detailed 3D artery reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and described two distinct tissue clearing protocols: solvent-based (modified 3DISCO) and aqueous-based (TDE).
  • Utilized tissue clearing to enable imaging of large-scale, intact deep tissue compartments surrounding arteries.
  • Combined clearing with labeling, advanced microscopy, and data analysis for detailed reconstructions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the utility of tissue clearing for visualizing the complex architecture around arteries.
  • Showcased two complementary clearing methods (3DISCO and TDE) for studying arterial tissues.
  • Enabled detailed 3D reconstructions of healthy and diseased arteries and their surrounding microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue clearing provides unprecedented 3D insights into the microenvironment of arteries.
  • These techniques are essential for advancing the understanding of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
  • The described protocols offer valuable tools for researchers in cardiovascular science.