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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea Affects Lacrimal Gland Function.

Shaopan Wang1,2,3, Xin He1,2,4, Qingmin Li5

  • 1Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|March 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) causes dry eye by damaging lacrimal glands and disrupting key signaling pathways. Fenofibrate treatment showed potential in alleviating these OSA-induced ocular surface changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is a prevalent condition with systemic health implications.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a link between OSA and ocular surface disease, particularly dry eye.
  • The precise mechanisms by which OSA affects lacrimal gland function remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of OSA on lacrimal gland function and structure in a mouse model.
  • To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, including specific signaling pathways involved in OSA-induced lacrimal gland dysfunction.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of fenofibrate in mitigating OSA-related ocular changes.

Main Methods:

  • Male mice were exposed to cyclic intermittent hypoxia to simulate OSA, with a normoxia control group.
  • Corneal integrity and sensitivity were assessed using slit-lamp examination, fluorescein staining, and corneal sensitivity tests.
  • Lacrimal gland pathology was evaluated through histological staining (H&E, Oil Red O), molecular analyses (qPCR, Western blot), and immunofluorescence.

Main Results:

  • OSA mice exhibited decreased tear secretion, corneal epithelial defects, and increased corneal sensitivity.
  • Histological analysis revealed myoepithelial cell damage, abnormal lipid accumulation, reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and inflammation in the lacrimal glands.
  • Activation of Hifα and NF-κB pathways, alongside downregulation of Pparα, was observed in OSA mouse lacrimal glands.
  • Fenofibrate treatment significantly ameliorated the observed pathological changes.

Conclusions:

  • OSA disrupts the Hifα/Pparα/NF-κB signaling axis, leading to structural and functional impairment of the lacrimal gland.
  • This disruption contributes to the pathogenesis of dry eye disease in the context of OSA.
  • Targeting this signaling pathway, potentially with agents like fenofibrate, may offer a therapeutic strategy for OSA-related dry eye.