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Multidisciplinary support for ethics deliberations during the first COVID wave
Bénédicte Lombart1, Laura Moïsi1, Valérie Bellamy1
1GH Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 26930APHP, Paris, France; Paris Direction Juridique, 26930APHP, Paris, France; Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 26930APHP, Paris, France.
Insights
During the COVID-19 pandemic, an Ethics-Support Cell (EST) addressed dilemmas concerning resource allocation and treatment intensity. The EST facilitated clear, transparent decisions for patient care amidst ethical challenges.
Area of Science:
- Medical Ethics
- Public Health Crises
- Healthcare Management
Background:
- The first COVID-19 wave in France (February 2020) caused concern over healthcare system saturation.
- A multidisciplinary Ethics-Support Cell (EST) was established to aid medical teams in navigating ethical dilemmas.
Purpose of the Study:
- To prospectively gather data on EST assistance requests during the initial COVID-19 wave.
- To document the functions and operational scope of the EST during this period.
Main Methods:
- An observational, real-time study of consultation requests for ethical dilemmas.
- A standardized data collection grid was used by the EST to ensure consistent information gathering.
- Interventions were limited to clinicians within the university hospital.
Main Results:
- 33 requests were analyzed, with a mean patient age of 80.8 years; most had COVID-19 and comorbidities.
- Requests primarily concerned Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and therapeutic proportionality.
- Dilemmas arose from limited resources and treatment intensity considerations.
Conclusions:
- Ethical dilemmas persisted despite established decision-making protocols during the COVID-19 crisis.
- EST interventions focused on patient-centered treatment, feasibility, and dignified care.
- The study underscores the value of ethical support and transparent decision-making in public health emergencies.
Background:
The first COVID-19 wave started in February 2020 in France. The influx of patients requiring emergency care and high-level technicity led healthcare professionals to fear saturation of available care. In that context, the multidisciplinary Ethics-Support Cell (EST) was created to help medical teams consider the decisions that could potentially be sources of ethical dilemmas.
Objectives:
The primary objective was to prospectively collect information on requests for EST assistance from 23 March to 9 May 2020. The secondary aim was to describe the Cell's functions during that period.
Research Design:
This observational, real-time study of requests for Cell consultations concerned ethical dilemmas arising during a public health crisis. The EST created a grid to collect relevant information (clinical, patient's/designated representative's preferences and ethical principles strained by the situation), thereby assuring that each EST asked the same questions, in the same order.
Participants And Research Context:
Only our university hospital's clinicians could request EST intervention.
Ethical Considerations:
The hospital Research Ethics Committee approved this study (no. CER-2020-107). The patient, his/her family, or designated representative was informed of this ethics consultation and most met with EST members, which enabled them to express their preferences and/or opposition.
Findings/Results:
33 requests (patients' mean age: 80.8 years; 29 had COVID-19: 24 with dyspnea, 30 with comorbidities). 17 Emergency Department solicitations concerned ICU admission, without reference to resource constraints; others addressed therapeutic proportionality dilemmas.
Discussion:
Intervention-request motives concerned limited resources and treatment intensity. Management revolved around three axes: the treatment option most appropriate for the patient, the feasibility of implementation, and dignified care for the patient.
Conclusions:
COVID-19 crisis forced hospitals to envisage prioritization of ICU access. Established decision-making criteria and protocols do not enable healthcare professionals to escape ethical dilemmas. That acknowledgement highlights ethical risks, enhances the added-value of nursing and encourages all players to be vigilant to pursue collective deliberations to achieve clear and transparent decisions.
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