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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
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Clonal dominance in excitable cell networks.

Jasmin Imran Alsous1,2, Jan Rozman3,4,2, Robert A Marmion5

  • 1Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010, USA.

Nature Physics
|March 4, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clonal dominance in developing tissues can arise spontaneously from coupled cell divisions, not just pre-existing biases. This collective network behavior impacts organismal development and tissue organization.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Clonal dominance, disproportionate contribution of cell descendants, is observed in various biological contexts.
  • While attributed to pre-existing biases or neutral drift in some systems, its origin during development remains unclear.
  • The Drosophila melanogaster follicle epithelium allows reconstruction of cell lineage growth dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the mechanistic origin of clonal dominance during development.
  • Determine if clonal dominance can emerge spontaneously in the absence of pre-existing biases.
  • Explore the role of coupled cell divisions in developmental clonal dominance.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstruction of joint cell lineage tree growth dynamics in the Drosophila melanogaster follicle epithelium.
  • Analysis of collective growth properties in evolving excitable networks.
  • Modeling the impact of spatial coupling of cell divisions.

Main Results:

  • Clonal dominance can emerge spontaneously during development, independent of pre-existing cellular propensities.
  • The phenomenon arises as a collective property of evolving excitable networks.
  • Coupling of cell divisions among connected cells is a key mechanism driving spontaneous clonal dominance.

Conclusions:

  • Spontaneous clonal dominance in development is explained by the spatial coupling of excitable cell networks.
  • This mechanism provides insights into tissue organization and developmental dynamics.
  • Findings have implications for understanding collective behavior in biological and other complex systems.