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Neurological effects of COVID-19 in infants and children
1Division of Pediatric Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Insights
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can affect the developing nervous systems of children, causing both immediate and lasting neurological issues. Healthcare providers should monitor for these acute and long-term effects in pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Neuroscience
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has raised concerns about its neurological impact on children.
- While pediatric COVID-19 cases are often milder, neurological complications are increasingly recognized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the neurological effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the infant and childhood brain.
- To highlight the importance of considering both acute and long-term neurological consequences in children with COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on pediatric neurological manifestations of COVID-19.
- Synthesis of current evidence on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the developing nervous system.
Main Results:
- Neurological symptoms in children with COVID-19 are diverse and require attention.
- Evidence suggests potential for both acute and chronic neurological sequelae.
Conclusions:
- Clinicians must remain vigilant for neurological signs in children affected by COVID-19.
- Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term neurological outcomes in pediatric populations.
Abstract:
Neurological manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children are becoming increasingly apparent as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues. While children manifest relatively milder features of the disease, accumulating evidence warrants concern that COVID-19 exacts both acute- and long-term effects on the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. This review focuses on the relatively underinvestigated topic of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the brain in infancy and childhood, concluding that clinicians should be attentive to both the acute effects and long-term consequences of COVID-19 from a neurological perspective.
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