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Multimodality Imaging after Liver Transplant: Top 10 Important Complications.

Claire E Brookmeyer¹, Shweta Bhatt¹, Elliot K Fishman¹

¹From the Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287 (C.E.B., E.K.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla (S.B.); and Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY (S.S.).

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc

|March 4, 2022

Summary

This review highlights 10 critical liver transplant complications, focusing on arterial issues like thrombosis and splenic artery steal syndrome. Early detection through imaging is vital for graft and patient survival.

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Area of Science:

Radiology
Transplant Surgery
Gastroenterology

Background:

Liver transplantation is a common procedure with various surgical anastomoses.
Post-transplant complications can significantly impact graft and recipient health.
Radiology plays a crucial role in managing liver transplant patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the 10 most critical "not to be missed" complications following liver transplantation.
To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and management of these complications.
To discuss the role of various imaging modalities in detecting post-transplant issues.

Main Methods:

Review of common and devastating liver transplant complications.
Focus on arterial, venous, and biliary complications.
Discussion of neoplasms within the hepatic graft.

Main Results:

Arterial complications, such as hepatic artery thrombosis and splenic artery steal syndrome, are most common and severe.
Venous complications are less frequent but notable in specific transplant types.
Biliary complications often stem from arterial ischemia, exemplified by biliary cast syndrome.

Conclusions:

Arterial complications pose the greatest threat to liver graft viability.
Timely diagnosis using imaging, particularly ultrasound, is essential for managing liver transplant complications.
A comprehensive understanding of these complications aids in improving patient outcomes.