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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

702
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
702
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

569
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
569

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Related Experiment Video

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Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering CARS
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Carbamazepine polymorphism: A re-visitation using Raman imaging.

Sara Fateixa1, Helena I S Nogueira1, Tito Trindade1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|March 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Raman imaging successfully identified carbamazepine polymorphs (CBZ III and CBZ I) and iminostilbene degradation products after thermal treatment. This technique is vital for monitoring pharmaceutical quality and transformations.

Keywords:
CarbamazepineCluster analysisConfocal Raman microscopyPolymorphismRaman imagingThermal methods

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Polymorphism is common in crystalline pharmaceuticals, necessitating quality control.
  • Monitoring polymorphic transformations under external stimuli like temperature is crucial for drug stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structural and chemical transformations of carbamazepine polymorphs using Raman imaging.
  • To assess the utility of Raman imaging with k-means cluster analysis for pharmaceutical quality monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Raman imaging combined with k-means cluster analysis (CA).
  • Differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and variable temperature Raman spectroscopy.
  • Thermal treatment of carbamazepine polymorphs (CBZ III and CBZ I).

Main Results:

  • Raman imaging effectively distinguished between carbamazepine polymorphs (CBZ III and CBZ I).
  • The presence of iminostilbene (IMS), a carbamazepine degradation product, was identified.
  • Transformations were observed to be dependent on the specific heating treatment method.

Conclusions:

  • Raman imaging with CA is a powerful tool for identifying different carbamazepine polymorphs and degradation products.
  • This method is essential for monitoring pharmaceutical compound quality and stability during thermal stress.
  • The study highlights the importance of understanding polymorphic behavior in drug development.