Retinal and choroidal thickness in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease: a cross-sectional cohort study
Juliana Prazeres1, Luiz Filipe Lucatto1, Adriano Ferreira1
1Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, 806, Botucatu Street, São Paulo, 04026-062, Brazil.
Insights
Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have thinner macular choroidal thickness. Enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) revealed this difference in asymptomatic pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatrics
- Hematology
Background:
- Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder.
- Ocular complications can occur in SCD patients.
- Asymptomatic pediatric SCD patients require monitoring for potential eye changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure macular retinal and choroidal thicknesses.
- To compare these measurements in pediatric patients with SCD versus controls.
- To identify potential early ocular biomarkers in pediatric SCD.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional cohort study.
- 40 children with SCD and 19 controls.
- Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with enhanced-depth imaging (EDI-OCT).
- Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) for statistical analysis.
Main Results:
- Significantly thinner choroidal thickness in the macular area of SCD eyes compared to controls.
- This thinning was observed across multiple subfields (subfoveal, temporal/nasal parafoveal, temporal/nasal perifoveal).
- No significant differences in retinal thickness were found between groups.
Conclusions:
- Enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) demonstrates reduced macular choroidal thickness in asymptomatic pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).
- This finding suggests potential structural changes in the choroid that may be an early indicator of ocular involvement in pediatric SCD.
Background:
To measure the retinal/choroidal thicknesses in the macular area of asymptomatic pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).
Methods:
This cross-sectional cohort study included 40 children (79 eyes) with SCD and 19 control patients (36 eyes). All subjects underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with enhanced-depth imaging OCT. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were applied to compare the outcomes between groups. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results:
The choroidal thickness in the macular area in the study subfields was significantly thinner in the SCD eyes compared with control eyes (subfoveal subfield and temporal parafoveal subfield, p < 0.0001; nasal parafoveal subfield, p < 0.0001 temporal perifoveal subfield, p < 0.0001; and nasal perifoveal subfield, p < 0.0001). The variations in the retinal thickness were not significant.
Conclusion:
EDI-OCT showed that the macular choroidal thickness is thinner in asymptomatic pediatric patients with SCD.
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