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Related Concept Videos

Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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Light Acquisition02:16

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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers
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Various quantification methods for estimating ammonia volatilization from wheat-maize cropping system.

Xin Zhang1, Ying Zhang2, Haowen Zhang3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.

Journal of Environmental Management
|March 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Ammonia volatilization (AV) from nitrogen fertilizer is a major N loss in crops. Wind speed significantly impacts measurements, with dynamic chamber methods (DCM) recommended for low wind conditions (<1.5 m/s).

Keywords:
Ammonia (NH(3)) volatilizationEnvironmental parametersMeasurementsNitrogen fertilizerNorthern ChinaWheat-maize crop

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Ammonia volatilization (AV) is a primary pathway for nitrogen (N) fertilizer loss globally, impacting crop yields and the environment.
  • Existing measurement techniques, including static chamber methods (SCM), dynamic chamber methods (DCM), calibrated Dräger-tube method (DTM), and micrometeorological methods (MMM), yield variable results.
  • Understanding the discrepancies between these AV measurement methods is crucial for accurate N loss assessment in agriculture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy and influencing factors of different ammonia volatilization measurement methods.
  • To identify the primary environmental factors causing discrepancies between dynamic chamber methods (DCM) and the calibrated Dräger-tube method (DTM).
  • To provide recommendations for selecting appropriate AV measurement techniques based on environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of 595 observations from 33 published studies was conducted to compare SCM, DCM, DTM, and MMM.
  • A field experiment was performed from October 2016 to October 2017 to investigate factors influencing AV measurements by DCM and DTM.
  • Statistical analyses, including correlation and regression, were used to evaluate relationships between AV, fertilizer application, and environmental variables (soil NH4+-N, temperature, wind speed).

Main Results:

  • An exponential relationship exists between AV and N fertilizer application in wheat and maize across all methods.
  • SCM recorded the lowest AV. DCM measurements were significantly lower than DTM (24.5%-65.0%) and MMM (58.9% in maize season).
  • Wind speed was identified as the main factor causing significant differences between DCM and DTM measurements, with soil NH4+-N concentration, air temperature, and wind speed positively correlating with NH3 fluxes.

Conclusions:

  • The calibrated Dräger-tube method (DTM) or micrometeorological methods (MMM) are recommended for quantitative AV estimates.
  • Dynamic chamber methods (DCM) are suitable for AV quantification when wind speed is below 1.5 m/s.
  • Careful consideration of measurement method and environmental conditions, particularly wind speed, is essential for accurate AV assessment.