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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding
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Secondhand smoke exposure is associated with abnormal P-wave axis.

T M Skipina1, N Patel1, B Upadhya2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.

Public Health
|March 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) is linked to abnormal P-wave axis (aPWA), indicating heart conduction issues. This cardiovascular risk marker is more prevalent in non-smokers exposed to SHSE, highlighting its detrimental health effects.

Keywords:
AtriopathyCardiovascular diseaseP-wave axisPassive smokingSecondhand smoke

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Environmental Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) is a known risk factor for cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
  • Abnormal P-wave axis (aPWA) signifies atriopathy and is also associated with increased CVA risk.
  • The relationship between SHSE and aPWA has not been extensively studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) and abnormal P-wave axis (aPWA) in non-smokers.
  • To determine if SHSE is an independent risk factor for atrial conduction abnormalities.
  • To explore potential effect modification by demographic factors and comorbidities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 5986 non-smokers from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
  • SHSE defined by serum cotinine levels (≥1 ng/ml).
  • aPWA defined as P-wave axis outside 0-75°. Multivariable logistic regression used for analysis.

Main Results:

  • 18.5% of participants had SHSE.
  • aPWA was more prevalent in those with SHSE (23.9%) compared to those without (19.8%).
  • SHSE was associated with increased odds of aPWA (OR 1.28 [1.09, 1.50]), with stronger associations in Whites and non-obese individuals. Higher cotinine levels correlated with higher odds of aPWA.

Conclusions:

  • SHSE is significantly associated with abnormal atrial conduction (aPWA).
  • Ethnicity and obesity may modify the association between SHSE and aPWA.
  • Findings emphasize the cardiovascular risks of SHSE and the need for personalized risk assessment.