Cognition in prodromal Parkinson's disease
Inga Liepelt-Scarfone1, Anja Ophey2, Elke Kalbe2
1German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; IB-Hochschule, Stuttgart, Germany.
Progress in Brain Research
|March 6, 2022
Summary
Cognitive impairment can appear up to six years before Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis. Early identification of these cognitive changes is crucial for understanding and potentially delaying PD progression.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Parkinson's disease (PD) has a prodromal phase with pre-clinical motor and non-motor symptoms.
- Mild cognitive impairment is present in about 20% of PD patients at diagnosis.
- Understanding cognitive changes during the prodromal phase is a key challenge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define the onset of cognitive dysfunction in prodromal PD.
- To investigate the co-occurrence of cognitive changes with other PD characteristics.
- To inform updated research criteria for prodromal PD.
Main Methods:
- Review of evidence from longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.
- Analysis of cognitive changes in individuals with prodromal PD.
- Consideration of standardized cognitive assessments.
Main Results:
- Cognitive changes, including global and executive function alterations, occur in prodromal PD.
- These cognitive deficits may be detectable up to 6 years before a clinical PD diagnosis.
- Global cognitive impairment is now an accepted prodromal marker for PD.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive impairment is a significant feature of prodromal Parkinson's disease, appearing years before diagnosis.
- Further longitudinal research is needed to understand the trajectory and interactions of cognitive deficits.
- Interventions in prodromal PD may help prevent or delay cognitive decline.
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