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Possibility, relevant similarity, and structural knowledge.

Tom Schoonen1

  • 1Centre for Advanced Studies in Humanities "Human Abilities", Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charlottestraße 81, 10969 Berlin, Germany.

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|March 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This paper explores similarity-based theories of possibility, highlighting the need for a robust definition of relevant similarity. It proposes using predictive analogy, but notes this requires prior knowledge of structural relations, offering potential solutions for epistemology of modality research.

Keywords:
AnalogyCausal knowledgeEpistemology of modalityPossibilityRelevanceSimilarityStructural knowledge

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Science
  • Epistemology
  • Metaphysics

Background:

  • Recent surge in interest in similarity-based epistemologies of possibility.
  • Identified gap in literature regarding the precise definition of 'relevant similarity'.
  • Analogical reasoning offers potential solutions for defining relevant similarity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the predictive analogy similarity relation as a means to define relevant similarity in epistemology of possibility.
  • To analyze the implications of using the predictive analogy similarity relation for knowledge acquisition.
  • To propose potential responses for similarity theorists regarding the requirement of prior knowledge.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of research in analogical reasoning.
  • Analysis of the predictive analogy similarity relation.
  • Philosophical argumentation regarding epistemic requirements.

Main Results:

  • The predictive analogy similarity relation defines relevant similarity based on shared properties with structural relations to the property of interest.
  • Basing epistemology of possibility on this relation necessitates prior knowledge of specific structural relations.
  • Potential responses include explicating the metaphysics of these relations or developing theories that utilize epistemic shortcuts.

Conclusions:

  • The predictive analogy similarity relation offers a promising framework for similarity-based epistemology of possibility.
  • A key challenge lies in addressing the requirement for prior knowledge of structural relations.
  • Further development is needed to either specify the metaphysics of these relations or justify the use of epistemic shortcuts.