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Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
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Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Visualizing DNA Damage Repair Proteins in Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Organoids via Immunofluorescence Assays
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DNA Damage Response Genes in Osteosarcoma.

Ying Tang1, Yan-Xia Liu2, Xiuning Huang2

  • 1Trauma Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chong Qing 400042, China.

Journal of Oncology
|March 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new DNA damage response (DDR) gene signature can predict osteosarcoma (OS) patient survival. This prognostic tool identifies high-risk patients, aiding clinical diagnosis and therapy for better outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma (OS) patient survival remains a challenge despite treatment advancements.
  • DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are implicated in cancer development and progression.
  • No prior studies have utilized DDR genes as a prognostic signature for OS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a novel DDR gene biomarker for predicting OS prognosis.
  • To develop a tool for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic guidance in OS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses on OS patient data.
  • Data sourced from public databases: Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).
  • Assessed gene methylation for prognostic significance.

Main Results:

  • A seven-gene DDR signature (NHEJ1, RMI2, SWI5, ERCC2, CLK2, POLG, MLH1) was identified.
  • High-risk patients exhibited significantly shorter OS rates (HR: 3.15, P < 0.001) in the TARGET training set.
  • The signature independently predicted OS and a nomogram was developed for individual risk assessment, validated in independent cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • The novel DDR gene signature serves as a potent prognostic tool for OS.
  • This signature can effectively evaluate prognosis and predict risk factors in osteosarcoma patients.
  • Potential for improved clinical decision-making and targeted therapies in OS management.