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Correlating Dietary Pattern and Bladder Cancer Risk Using Principal Component and Reduced Rank Regression Analyses
Marzieh Pourkerman1, Bahram Rashidkhani1, Nazanin Moslehi2
1Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutrition and Cancer
|March 7, 2022
Summary
Certain dietary patterns, particularly those high in fat, carbohydrates, trans-fatty acids, and nitrites, are linked to increased bladder cancer (BC) risk. A healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce BC risk.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Dietary patterns significantly influence cancer risk, including bladder cancer (BC).
- Understanding specific dietary components and their association with BC is crucial for prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between dietary patterns (DPs) and bladder cancer (BC) risk.
- To identify specific dietary factors contributing to or protecting against BC.
Main Methods:
- Case-control study involving 102 BC patients and 197 controls (age ≥ 45).
- Dietary intake assessed via food-frequency questionnaire.
- Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Reduced Rank Regression (RRR) used to define DPs, with nitrite and trans-fatty acid consumption as response variables.
Main Results:
- A "high fat and high carbohydrate" dietary pattern was positively associated with BC risk (OR = 5.78).
- A "healthy" dietary pattern (rich in vegetables, fruits, nuts, seafood, olive oil) was inversely associated with BC risk (OR = 0.60).
- RRR identified patterns high in trans-fatty acids and nitrites positively correlated with BC risk (ORs 1.83 and 1.75).
Conclusions:
- Specific dietary patterns, including those high in fat, carbohydrates, trans-fatty acids, and nitrites, are associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer.
- A healthy dietary pattern emphasizing fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats demonstrates a protective effect against bladder cancer.
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