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Growth in Children with HLA-Conferred Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes

Liisa Saare1, Aleksandr Peet1,2, Vallo Tillmann1,2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul, Korea)
|March 8, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be linked to genetics, not just environment. Children at higher genetic risk for T1D exhibited distinct growth patterns and biochemical markers associated with diabetes-associated autoantibodies (DAAB).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence is rising globally, prompting investigation into contributing factors.
  • The accelerator hypothesis suggests environmental factors accelerate T1D development.
  • Genetic predisposition plays a known role in T1D etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine growth patterns and biochemical markers in children genetically at risk for T1D.
  • To investigate the association between growth, biochemical markers, and diabetes-associated autoantibodies (DAAB).
  • To explore the role of genetic factors in the context of the accelerator hypothesis for T1D.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 219 children stratified into risk groups based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype.
  • Assessed anthropometric measurements (height, BMI) and biochemical markers (IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio).
  • Compared growth parameters and marker levels between different genetic risk groups and presence/absence of DAAB.

Main Results:

  • Children in moderate- to high-risk groups were significantly taller and had a lower IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio compared to low-risk children.
  • Children with DAAB tended to be taller and have a higher body mass index (BMI).
  • These findings suggest a link between genetic risk, growth characteristics, and immune markers for T1D.

Conclusions:

  • The accelerator hypothesis may involve genetically determined factors, not solely environmental influences.
  • Growth patterns and specific biochemical markers are associated with genetic risk and immune responses in T1D development.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the interplay between genetics and environment in T1D pathogenesis.

Keywords:
Body heightBody mass indexBody weightDiabetes mellitus, type 1HLA antigens

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