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Updated: Oct 1, 2025
A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: September 30, 2021
Gender disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after curative hepatectomy
Tianyi Liang1, Yongfei He1, Shutian Mo1
1Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
Introduction And Objectives:
Whether there is gender disparity in the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been not fully addressed. This study aimed to investigate the impact of gender on HCC recurrence following curative hepatectomy.
Patients And Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included 1087 patients with HCC (917 males, 170 females) who underwent curative hepatectomy. Cox regression models were constructed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the risk parameters associated with HCC recurrence. In the sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and propensity score matching (PSM) analysis were used. Logistic regression models were used to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI of the risk parameters related to early and late recurrence.
Results:
Male patients showed significantly higher risk for HCC recurrence than females, in both multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR [95% CI] = 1.480 [1.084-2.020], P = 0.014) and PSM analysis (HR [95% CI] = 1.589 [1.093-2.312], P = 0.015). Higher risk of HCC recurrence was again found in males in the subgroup analysis, but the effect of male versus female gender on HCC recurrence did not depend on any selected subgroups (all P for interaction > 0.05). Gender was an independent risk factor for early recurrence (OR [95% CI] = 1.864 [1.215-2.936], P = 0.006), but not for late recurrence.
Conclusions:
There is gender disparity in the recurrence of patients with HCC after curative hepatectomy: males had a higher risk for HCC recurrence than females.
