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Related Concept Videos

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
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Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation
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Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
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Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice
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[Hiccups, not always unremarkable].

V Moonen1, M Raaf2, F Depierreux3

  • 1Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie, CHR La Citadelle Liège, Belgique.

Revue Medicale De Liege
|March 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent hiccups can significantly impact quality of life and health. This review examines the pathophysiology, causes, and management of hiccups, proposing they be classified as a non-epileptic myoclonic movement disorder.

Keywords:
HiccoughMovement disordersMyocloniaSingultusHiccups

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Hiccups are typically benign and short-lived.
  • Persistent (lasting >48 hours) or refractory (lasting >1 month) hiccups severely affect quality of life and health.
  • Understanding hiccups is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, etiologies, diagnostic workup, and treatment of hiccups.
  • To propose a novel classification for hiccups.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hiccups pathophysiology, etiologies, workup, and treatment.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge and clinical guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Hiccups can stem from diverse underlying causes, impacting multiple organ systems.
  • Management strategies vary based on etiology and duration.
  • A proposed classification reframes hiccups as a non-epileptic myoclonic movement disorder.

Conclusions:

  • Hiccups, especially when persistent or refractory, require thorough investigation and management.
  • Reclassifying hiccups as a non-epileptic myoclonic movement disorder may improve understanding and treatment approaches.