Fluid shear stress enhances T cell activation through Piezo1

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Biophysics
• Cell Biology

Background:

• T cell activation involves both biochemical and mechanical processes.
• Fluid shear stress (FSS) is a mechanical force present in the circulatory system.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the mechanical enhancement of T cell activation using FSS.
• To explore the role of FSS in T cell signaling and function.

Main Methods:

• Jurkat and primary human T cells were treated with FSS using a cone-and-plate viscometer.
• T cell activation markers, signaling protein phosphorylation, and cytokine expression were analyzed.
• Calcium signaling pathways and the involvement of the Piezo1 channel were investigated.

Main Results:

• FSS treatment, combined with CD3/CD28 stimulation, increased the activation of ZAP70, NFAT, NF-κB, and AP-1.
• Enhanced expression of TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ was observed following FSS treatment.
• FSS-induced T cell activation was calcium-dependent and mediated by the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1.

Conclusions:

• FSS represents a novel mechanical factor influencing T cell activation dynamics.
• The circulatory FSS may play a proinflammatory role in T cell function.
• Abnormal blood flow and associated FSS could be linked to autoimmune diseases.