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Neural complexity, measured by Lempel Ziv (LZ) compression, decreases in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep but increases with low-dose ketamine. Higher ketamine doses showed varied effects across brain regions and species.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Consciousness Studies

Background:

  • Neural informational complexity, measured by Lempel Ziv (LZ) compression, is a potential marker for consciousness.
  • LZ complexity decreases during anesthesia and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but increases with psychedelics like ketamine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how varying ketamine doses affect neural complexity in cats.
  • To determine if LZ complexity changes with different sleep stages and ketamine doses in a non-primate species.
  • To explore the relationship between neural complexity, sleep, and drug-induced state changes.

Main Methods:

  • Studied LZ complexity in five cats with intracranial electrodes during wakefulness, REM, and NREM sleep.
  • Administered subanesthetic doses of ketamine (5, 10, 15 mg/kg) with and without auditory stimulation.
  • Analyzed neural complexity changes across different sleep stages and ketamine dosages.

Main Results:

  • LZ complexity was lowest in NREM sleep, similar in REM sleep and wakefulness.
  • An inverted U-shaped curve was observed for ketamine doses in some cortical areas, with complexity rising at low doses and falling at higher doses.
  • Greater variability in ketamine's dose-response curve was noted across cats and cortices compared to sleep-stage data.

Conclusions:

  • Neural complexity is sensitive to state changes between wakefulness and sleep stages across species.
  • Ketamine's effect on neural complexity shows a dose-dependent, inverted U-shaped pattern, varying by cortical region.
  • This study highlights differential local cortical dynamics in modulating conscious states via sleep and ketamine.