Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
07:30

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

3.2K

Comparative Study of Risk Factors and Cognitive Profile of Small- and Large-Vessel Vascular Dementia - A Clinic Based

Ashwani Bhat1, Goutam Das1, Adreesh Mukherjee1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences (BIN) and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME and R), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Neurology India
|March 10, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Vascular dementia (VaD) presents differently based on vessel size. Small-vessel disease (SVD) impacts attention and executive functions, while large-vessel disease affects visuoperception and praxis.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Vascular dementia (VaD) is a heterogeneous clinical condition.
  • Limited research compares cognitive profiles in small-vessel disease (SVD) versus large-vessel disease (LVD) related VaD.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the cognitive profiles of SVD-related VaD and large-vessel disease (LVD)-related VaD.
  • To identify and contrast the risk factors associated with each subtype of VaD.
  • To elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms driving cognitive deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Patients diagnosed with VaD were recruited and categorized into SVD or LVD groups.
  • Clinic-epidemiological data and cognitive assessments were performed for each patient.
  • Exclusion criteria targeted mixed and ambiguous cases to ensure group purity.

Main Results:

  • The study included 76 patients: 48 (62.5%) with SVD and 28 (37.5%) with LVD.
  • Hypertension was the most common risk factor (93.4%), prevalent in both SVD and LVD.
  • SVD predominantly affected attention, executive function, and calculation, linked to frontal-subcortical disconnection.
  • LVD showed greater impairment in visuoperception, praxis, and gnosis, attributed to cumulative lesion effects.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct cognitive profiles exist between SVD-related and LVD-related VaD.
  • While sharing common risk factors like hypertension, specific factors like diabetes mellitus are more prevalent in SVD, and smoking/hyperlipidemia in LVD.
  • The differing anatomical lesions in SVD and LVD underlie their unique clinical and cognitive manifestations.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cognitive profileMRIlarge-vessel diseaserisk factorssmall-vessel diseasevascular dementia

More Related Videos

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

21.8K
Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly12:50

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly

Published on: April 14, 2014

40.4K

Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
204
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
59
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
711
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
38
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
44
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
35