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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Neonatal thyrotoxicosis with maternal hypothyroidism.

Shruthi Ravindra1, Sahana Shetty2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India.

BMJ Case Reports
|March 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Transient neonatal thyrotoxicosis, a rare condition, can occur even in infants born to mothers with hypothyroidism. This case highlights successful treatment with antithyroid drugs, leading to full recovery in a premature infant.

Keywords:
immunologymaterno-fetal medicineneonatal intensive carethyrotoxicosis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Neonatal Graves' disease is a rare but serious condition caused by maternal thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) crossing the placenta.
  • It typically affects infants born to mothers with active Graves' disease, occurring in 1-5% of such births.

Observation:

  • This report details a unique case of transient neonatal thyrotoxicosis in a premature infant.
  • Notably, the infant's mother had primary hypothyroidism, not Graves' disease.

Findings:

  • The premature neonate presented with thyrotoxicosis and positive TSI, despite the maternal diagnosis of hypothyroidism.
  • Treatment with a short course of antithyroid drugs resulted in significant clinical and biochemical improvement.

Implications:

  • This case expands the understanding of potential causes for neonatal thyrotoxicosis, suggesting TSI-mediated transient hyperthyroidism can occur in infants of hypothyroid mothers.
  • It underscores the importance of monitoring for TSI in neonates, even with maternal hypothyroidism, and demonstrates the efficacy of prompt antithyroid drug treatment for a favorable outcome.