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Related Concept Videos

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History

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Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical to patient care. It allows healthcare professionals to identify and manage various respiratory conditions. The process involves a combination of subjective and objective data collection.
Subjective Data
Subjective data provides vital information about the patient's health history and symptoms. This data is typically collected through interviews in which patients describe their experiences, symptoms, and concerns.
Health history and...
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Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications01:19

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Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
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The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
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Assessment of Respiration01:23

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The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
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The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

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Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

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Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
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OPTN/SRTR 2020 Annual Data Report: Lung.

M Valapour1,2, C J Lehr2, M A Skeans1

  • 1Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
|March 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lung transplant candidate numbers and procedures declined in 2020 due to COVID-19, increasing waitlist mortality. However, time to transplant shortened, and survival rates remained stable for lung transplant recipients.

Keywords:
End-stage lung diseaseLASlung allocation scorelung transplantorgan allocationrevised lung allocation scoretransplant outcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology and Transplant Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Lung transplantation is a critical treatment for end-stage lung disease.
  • Transplant activity is influenced by donor availability, patient demand, and public health crises.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in lung transplantation during 2020, a year marked by the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To assess the impact of the pandemic on lung transplant candidate numbers, donor availability, and procedure volume.
  • To evaluate changes in waitlist mortality, time to transplant, and posttransplant survival rates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of national lung transplant registry data.
  • Comparison of 2020 transplant metrics against historical data from the previous decade.
  • Statistical evaluation of waitlist mortality, time to transplant, and patient survival.

Main Results:

  • A decline in both new lung transplant candidates and performed procedures was observed in 2020, the first such decrease in a decade.
  • Lung donor numbers also decreased, contributing to the slowdown in transplant activities.
  • Waitlist mortality saw a modest increase, while the median time to transplant decreased to 1.4 months.
  • Posttransplant survival rates remained stable: 89.4% at 1 year, 74.8% at 3 years, and 61.2% at 5 years.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted lung transplantation in 2020, leading to reduced activity and increased waitlist mortality.
  • Despite challenges, critical metrics like time to transplant and long-term survival remained favorable.
  • These findings highlight the resilience of lung transplant programs and the need for continued adaptation during public health emergencies.