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Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients

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Published on: June 11, 2011

Targeting the Gut Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children to Decrease Inflammation and Immunoactivation: A

Talía Sainz^1,2,3, Laura Diaz^4,5,6, David Rojo⁷

¹Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain.

|March 10, 2022

Summary

Nutritional supplementation did not reduce inflammation or immune dysfunction in children with HIV. However, the study highlights the gut microbiota's role in immune modulation for people living with HIV.

Keywords:

HIV children immunoactivation inflammation microbiota

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Published on: October 6, 2022

Area of Science:

Pediatric Immunology
Microbiome Research
Nutritional Science

Background:

Children with HIV experience chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, even with antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Targeting persistent inflammation is crucial for improving health outcomes in individuals with HIV.
The gut microbiota's role in immune modulation and the impact of nutritional interventions on dysbiosis in pediatric HIV are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of a four-week symbiotic nutritional supplement on inflammation and immune markers in children with HIV.
To explore correlations between gut microbiota shifts and changes in inflammatory and immunological parameters.

Main Methods:

A pilot, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial involving 24 children with HIV on ART.
Participants received a daily mixture of symbiotics, omega-3/6 fatty acids, and amino acids, or a placebo for four weeks.
Analysis included inflammatory markers, microbial translocation, mucosal integrity, T-cell activation, and fecal microbiota composition.

Main Results:

No significant changes were observed in inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-7, IP-10), microbial translocation (sCD14), mucosal integrity (IFABP, zonulin), or kynurenine to tryptophan ratio.
No significant changes were detected in adaptive immune response markers.
Correlations were found between specific gut bacteria and inflammatory/immunological parameters, suggesting a role for microbiota in immune modulation.

Conclusions:

A four-week nutritional supplementation regimen did not significantly reduce inflammation, microbial translocation, or T-cell activation in HIV-infected children.
The study supports the interaction between the gut microbiota and the immune system in the context of pediatric HIV.
Further research is warranted to explore long-term nutritional strategies for immune restoration in this population.