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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors
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Food and Nutrient Displacement by Walnut Supplementation in a Randomized Crossover Study.

Zuhair S Natto1, Gina Siapco2, Karen Jaceldo-Siegl3

  • 1Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Nutrients
|March 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Daily walnut supplements improved nutrient intake and diet quality in healthy adults. This dietary shift may aid in chronic disease prevention by displacing less healthy food choices.

Keywords:
crossoverfood displacementnutrient displacementwalnut

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Dietary Interventions
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dietary patterns significantly influence chronic disease risk.
  • Understanding the impact of specific food supplements on overall nutrient profiles is crucial for public health.
  • Walnuts are recognized for their potential health benefits, but their effect on daily nutrient intake requires detailed evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of daily walnut supplementation on the overall diet and nutrient profile of healthy adults.
  • To investigate potential food displacement effects associated with walnut consumption.
  • To explore the implications of these dietary changes for chronic disease prevention.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial with a crossover design was employed over two 6-month periods.
  • Participants received either a control diet or a walnut-supplemented diet (approx. 12% daily energy intake), then switched.
  • Dietary intake was assessed using seven 24-hour dietary recalls per participant per period.

Main Results:

  • Walnut supplementation significantly increased intake of vegetable protein, total fat, total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and dietary fiber.
  • Specific PUFA (18:2, 22:6) increased, while another (20:5) decreased; mineral intake (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc) was significantly higher.
  • Significant food displacement was observed in groups including nuts/seeds, non-alcoholic beverages/desserts, and candy/sugar/sweets.

Conclusions:

  • Daily walnut supplementation favorably modifies nutrient and food intake profiles in healthy adults.
  • Observed nutrient changes and food displacement suggest a mechanism for potential chronic disease prevention.
  • Integrating walnuts into the diet may improve overall diet quality and contribute to health.