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Transport Terrorism: A Counter-Terrorism Medicine Analysis
Derrick Tin1, Dennis G Barten2, Harald De Cauwer3
1Senior Fellow, BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MassachusettsUSA.
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
|March 11, 2022
Summary
Terrorist attacks on transportation systems are a significant global threat, with suicide attacks on subways posing the highest casualty risk. Risk mitigation strategies are crucial for public transport safety.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Security Studies
Background:
- Mass-transit systems are vulnerable soft targets for terrorist attacks, leading to devastating consequences.
- Attacks on transportation systems cause widespread disruption, psychosocial distress, and economic damage.
- This study examines terrorism targeting air, sea, and ground transport from 1970-2019.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct an epidemiological examination of terrorism-related events targeting transport modalities.
- To compare the rates of fatal injuries (FI) and non-fatal injuries (NFI) from these attacks.
- To identify high-risk regions, attack types, and target vulnerabilities.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) for events from 1970-2019.
- Selected primary target types: Transportation, Airport and Aircraft, and Maritime.
- Sub-classified events by region, weapon type, and suicide attack (SA).
Main Results:
- Documented 8,729 transportation-related attacks, resulting in 19,020 fatalities and 45,218 NFI.
- South Asia, Middle East/North Africa, and South America were hotspots for attacks.
- Subway attacks had a high rate of NFI (51.5 per attack), and suicide attacks yielded the highest FI (13.71) and NFI (139.00) ratios.
Conclusions:
- Transport systems remain vulnerable soft targets for terrorism.
- Attacks on public transport pose significant psychosocial and economic risks.
- Suicide attacks on subways present a uniquely high casualty risk, necessitating updated CTM risk mitigation strategies.
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