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Cognitive and Metacognitive Processes Demonstrated by Pharmacy Students When Making Therapeutic Decisions
Steven Walker1, To Nhu Pham1, Quang Hung Duong1
1Monash University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Third-year pharmacy students primarily gathered information during therapeutic reasoning activities. Metacognitive processes, like monitoring and planning, were crucial for guiding analytical thinking and decision-making in simulated cases.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Education
- Cognitive Science
- Medical Education
Background:
- Therapeutic reasoning is a critical skill for pharmacy students.
- Understanding the cognitive and metacognitive processes involved is essential for effective teaching.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the cognitive (analytical) and metacognitive processes used by third-year pharmacy students during a therapeutic reasoning activity.
- To identify patterns and frequencies of these processes.
Main Methods:
- Qualitative descriptive study utilizing a think-aloud protocol.
- Analysis of audio-recorded, transcribed reasoning episodes from simulated clinical cases.
- Deductive coding by two independent coders based on established reasoning literature.
Main Results:
- Students predominantly engaged in information gathering (69%) during analytical processes.
- Metacognitive processes, particularly monitoring and control/planning (72%), frequently co-occurred with analytical steps.
- Lower frequencies of information processing and assessment were noted, especially in unresolved cases.
Conclusions:
- This study delineates the cognitive and metacognitive processes in pharmacy student therapeutic reasoning.
- Findings can inform instructional strategies to enhance therapeutic reasoning skills.
- An integrated cognitive/metacognitive model of student reasoning is proposed.
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